{
  "id": "present-value-of-annuity-calculator",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "name": "Present Value of Annuity Calculator",
  "shortName": "Present Value of Annuity",
  "description": "Calculate the present value of level, growing, or perpetual periodic payments.",
  "category": "Finance",
  "categorySlug": "finance",
  "keywords": [
    "present",
    "value",
    "of",
    "annuity",
    "calculator",
    "present value of annuity calculator"
  ],
  "status": "live",
  "workStatus": "pending",
  "reviewStatus": "pending",
  "migrationStatus": "new",
  "engine": "native",
  "creator": null,
  "reviewer": null,
  "quality": {
    "availability": "live",
    "technicalReviewRecord": "/reviews/present-value-of-annuity-calculator.json",
    "qualifiedReview": "pending",
    "qualifiedReviewer": null,
    "qualifiedReviewDate": null,
    "formulaVersion": "1.0.0",
    "referenceCoverage": "references-pending",
    "releaseTestScope": "Catalog and regression checks are not a professional formula audit; consult release evidence.",
    "historicalMetadataDate": "2026-09-01",
    "historicalMetadataNotice": "The imported date is not evidence of a completed human review."
  },
  "notice": "Annuity valuations are sensitive to rates, timing, fees, taxes, guarantees, and payment assumptions.",
  "urls": {
    "page": "/calculator/present-value-of-annuity-calculator/",
    "definition": "/calculator/present-value-of-annuity-calculator/definition.json",
    "schema": "/calculator/present-value-of-annuity-calculator/schema.json",
    "llms": "/calculator/present-value-of-annuity-calculator/llms.txt",
    "legacyDefinition": "/calculator/present-value-of-annuity-calculator.json"
  },
  "queryExample": "https://askcalculators.com/calculator/present-value-of-annuity-calculator/?annuityType=level&payment=1000&discountRate=5&growthRate=2&periods=20&paymentTiming=end",
  "queryParameters": {
    "annuityType": {
      "label": "Annuity type",
      "type": "select",
      "required": true,
      "default": "level"
    },
    "payment": {
      "label": "First periodic payment",
      "type": "money",
      "required": true,
      "default": 1000
    },
    "discountRate": {
      "label": "Discount rate per period",
      "type": "percent",
      "required": true,
      "default": 5
    },
    "growthRate": {
      "label": "Payment growth rate per period",
      "type": "percent",
      "required": true,
      "default": 2
    },
    "periods": {
      "label": "Number of payments",
      "type": "number",
      "required": true,
      "default": 20
    },
    "paymentTiming": {
      "label": "First payment timing",
      "type": "select",
      "required": true,
      "default": "end"
    }
  },
  "inputs": [
    {
      "id": "annuityType",
      "label": "Annuity type",
      "type": "select",
      "required": true,
      "defaultValue": "level",
      "options": [
        {
          "label": "Level annuity",
          "value": "level"
        },
        {
          "label": "Growing annuity",
          "value": "growing"
        },
        {
          "label": "Growing perpetuity",
          "value": "perpetuity"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "payment",
      "label": "First periodic payment",
      "type": "money",
      "required": true,
      "defaultValue": 1000,
      "min": 0,
      "step": 10
    },
    {
      "id": "discountRate",
      "label": "Discount rate per period",
      "type": "percent",
      "required": true,
      "defaultValue": 5,
      "min": -99.99,
      "max": 1000,
      "step": 0.01
    },
    {
      "id": "growthRate",
      "label": "Payment growth rate per period",
      "type": "percent",
      "required": true,
      "defaultValue": 2,
      "min": -99.99,
      "max": 1000,
      "step": 0.01
    },
    {
      "id": "periods",
      "label": "Number of payments",
      "type": "number",
      "required": true,
      "defaultValue": 20,
      "min": 1,
      "max": 10000,
      "step": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "paymentTiming",
      "label": "First payment timing",
      "type": "select",
      "required": true,
      "defaultValue": "end",
      "options": [
        {
          "label": "End of first period",
          "value": "end"
        },
        {
          "label": "Immediately / beginning",
          "value": "begin"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "outputs": [
    {
      "id": "presentValue",
      "label": "Present value",
      "format": "currency",
      "primary": true
    },
    {
      "id": "firstPayment",
      "label": "First payment",
      "format": "currency"
    },
    {
      "id": "lastPayment",
      "label": "Last payment",
      "format": "currency"
    },
    {
      "id": "undiscountedPayments",
      "label": "Sum of projected payments",
      "format": "currency"
    },
    {
      "id": "annuityFactor",
      "label": "Present-value factor",
      "format": "number",
      "digits": 10
    }
  ],
  "formula": {
    "expression": "level PV = PMT[1−(1+i)^−n]/i; growing PV = PMT[1−((1+g)/(1+i))^n]/(i−g)"
  },
  "examples": [
    {
      "label": "Reproducible default-input example (not a personal recommendation)",
      "inputs": {
        "annuityType": "level",
        "payment": 1000,
        "discountRate": 5,
        "growthRate": 2,
        "periods": 20,
        "paymentTiming": "end"
      }
    }
  ],
  "sources": []
}